Ammonium Chloride Solution
A clear brine fluid, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 8.9 lb/gal. Ammonium chloride is used as a completion, workover, and gravel pack fluid when the ammonium ion is preferred. Ammonium chloride is an inherently acidic brine that offers many properties that serve to minimize or prevent formation damage. Ammonium chloride brines are shale inhibitive and compatible with most formation water. |
Calcium Bromide Solution
A clear brine fluid, calcium bromide (CaBr2) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 15.2 lb/gal. It is used as a completion, workover, gravel pack, and packer fluid. It can also be used as a spike fluid to increase density in fluids up to 14.2 lb/gal. Calcium bromide is often used when the chloride ion is not desirable. Due to its inhibitive properties, calcium bromide can help reduce formation damage induced by clay swelling and dispersion. |
Calcium Chloride Solution
A clear brine fluid, calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 11.6 lb/gal. The divalent calcium ion (Ca+2) inhibits clay swelling, dispersion, and migration. Calcium chloride is one of the most economical brines used in oilfield completion and workover operations. |
Potassium Chloride Solution
A clear brine fluid, potassium chloride (KCl) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 9.7 lb/gal. Potassium chloride is used when the potassium ion is preferred. It is also an effective clay/shale stabilizer in water sensitive formations. |
Sodium Bromide Solution
A clear brine fluid, sodium bromide (NaBr) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 12.7 lb/gal. A pure sodium bromide brine is often selected when the chloride ion is not desirable and when sodium is preferred over calcium. It is often used in situations where formation waters contain high levels of sulfate or carbonate that may precipitate with the calcium ion. |
Sodium Chloride Solution
A clear brine fluid, sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 10.0 lb/gal. Sodium chloride is chosen frequently due to its wide availability and low cost. |
